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• "Recent reports ping-ponging around the Web breathlessly claim that 'Microsoft confirms no Windows 7 restrictions for netbooks.' The gist of the claim is that netbook manufacturers will now be allowed to sell their wares with any version of Windows 7 preinstalled. Supposedly, big bad Microsoft has relented and won't force Windows 7 Starter Edition on the netbook masses.
  
  "Pardon me, but that's horse pucky. Microsoft has never had any such restriction. This news ain't news at all.
  
  "As I wrote on June 4, Microsoft did set restrictions on the maximum hardware that Windows 7 Starter Edition can be installed on. The 'Softies insist that netbook manufacturers can offer Starter Edition only on netbooks that are suitably stunted. The implication is that you'll have to pay significantly more for Windows 7 if you want to move up to a more-powerful netbook.
  
  "But there's never been a restriction saying that netbook manufacturers had to sell Starter Edition. Restricting the super-discounted Starter Edition to skimpy hardware is just a Microsoft marketing move. It's designed to provide a cheap, weak version of Win7 for entry-level netbooks rather than abandoning the low end to penguin-based Linux alternatives.
  
  "There are some implications to the hardware restrictions that are more sinister, as I described in my June 4 story. But Microsoft has never said it would force netbook manufacturers to sell only Starter Edition.
  
  "Starter Edition is a crock, anyway. Any netbook worth its salt works just fine with Win7 Home Premium. All through the beta and release candidate stages, I ran Windows 7 Ultimate on a rather sedate ASUS 1000H netbook with nary a hiccup. It's penny-wise and pound-foolish for anyone to buy a netbook with Starter Edition preinstalled.
  
  "And for the Chicken Littles on the Web: cut the fearmongering and get the details right, OK?"
  

• "The U.S. Treasury has a very robust system for maintaining the security of Internet-accessed accounts under its Treasury Direct program. Treasury Direct is used for buying and holding savings bonds and other Treasury investments.
  
  "In the first stage of login, the user enters a 10-digit account number using the computer keyboard. Then a password of at least 8 characters is entered using a virtual keyboard displayed on the login screen. The virtual keyboard has a random arrangement of keys that changes each time you log in.
  
  "Once this step is completed, a new screen is displayed, requiring information from an access card that has been provided to the account holder. The first step on this screen is to select the correct access-card number from a choice of three different numbers that are shown.
  
  "Then, three grid coordinates are provided that correspond to letters or numbers on a 5-by-10 grid on the access card. The corresponding values must be entered using a randomized virtual keyboard also.
  
  "The first time or two that you log in, this process seems a little tedious. However, after a few logins, you become comfortable with it and can log in quickly. I worry about the security of my bank accounts because of the relative ease with which they can be broken into, but I don't worry at all about my Treasury Direct account."
  

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By Stephanie Small Identity theft is something everyone fears these days. With the invention of the Internet, people can simply search for your personal information and even find out where you live. That's why, as this hilarious video explains, Google invented its new "opt out" feature. It allows people to move to a remote village, where they're unable to contact anyone from the outside world. It's even invisible to Google Maps, because the city is contained in a metallic box. Finally, the answer has arrived for the utmost in identity protection! Play the video

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By Fred Langa A hard drive without a boot sector means big trouble — but the situation is not necessarily fatal. Without your hard drive's boot sector, your PC can't boot or access any software on the hard drive; but thankfully, Windows' built-in repair tools can put things right.

• "My mother's Dell Inspiron 8100 died the other day. Through the process of trying to find out what went wrong with it, we lost the boot sector of her hard drive. What can I do to recover it without losing the information on it?
  
  "I purchased a USB-to-SATA/IDE adapter that recognizes it there, but nothing shows in Windows Explorer. I tried another drive and it shows up. Is there a safe-and-easy way to repair the boot sector without losing the information on it?"
  

• "I have an old DOS medical-office program with an essential patient database that dates back to Windows 3.1 and Windows 98. I'm able to run the DOS program in Windows XP and was also able to do so in Vista, until a recent crash.
  
  "Since the crash, any attempt to load the program in Vista fails. A popup dialog box states simply '[program].exe is not a valid Win32 application.'
  
  "I've tried unsuccessfully to load the .exe program by left-clicking, by using the Run box, and by using the command line. Can you help?"
  

• "I've lost my Outlook Express contacts three times over the years when I've had to have a new PC. Is there a way of saving the contacts onto a USB [drive], for instance?"
  

• "I'm flabbergasted that Fred says that jv16 PowerTools is free, since he's been using it for a very long time. I use it on his recommendation, but it most certainly is not free. It's free for 30 days, but if you intend to use it longer than that, you're supposed to pay for it.
  
  "Considering what a good job it does, even at $30, it's cheap."
  

• "I hope you might have some explanation for a very peculiar happening that my daughter experienced recently. She had taken some photos with her digital camera (Samsung), downloaded them to her laptop (running XP), and e-mailed them to a family friend in Colombia, South America.
  
  "The eight-year-old son of one of her friends opened the e-mail to view the pictures and found that several pornographic photos had somehow become attached to the file, along with the photos my daughter had attached to her e-mail. Can you suggest any reason for this aberration? It's the first time I've ever heard of this happening."
  

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By Ian "Gizmo" Richards It will happen to you one day: You'll try to uninstall a software program and then discover that no uninstaller is provided. Thankfully, it's usually possible to manually remove programs lacking their own uninstall option.

• Write the program itself to the Program Files folder on your hard drive.
  
  
• Create data and user-specific files in the configuration and settings folders on your hard drive.
  
  
• Add entries to the Registry.
  
  
• Put shortcuts in the Windows Start folder or other locations so that the program and/or its services start with Windows.
  

Although this is only a rough guide, it helps to identify the location of the program's various components.

Step 1: Remove the program's autostart entries

Most programs make changes to your PC when they're installed, ensuring that they or their services will start every time Windows does. There are many ways of doing this. Manually chasing down the exact method used by the program you want to uninstall can be tedious.

The most efficient way of removing autostart entries is to use a startup utility that monitors all startup locations. My favorite such utility is the free Autoruns from SysInternals (now owned by Microsoft). The program lists absolutely everything that autostarts on your computer. As a bonus, Autoruns itself doesn't require installation. Visit the Microsoft TechNet site to grab your copy.

Fire up Autoruns and click the Everything tab. Next, click the Publisher tab to sort the listing by publisher. Look for the product or developer name. If the information relates to the program you want to remove, uncheck the box on the left side of its listing. (See Figure 1.)


Figure 1. Uncheck a program's entry in Autoruns' Everything tab to prevent the program from starting with Windows.

Be careful to ensure that the program you uncheck is specifically related to the program you want to uninstall. The name of the publisher is a helpful guide but can be misleading if you have more than one program on your PC from that vendor. If in doubt, enter the file name in a search engine and look for clues that it's associated with the program in question.

The startup program you want to halt may have no publisher name listed. In this case, you'll have to rely on the file name itself to guide you. Again — if in doubt, search the Internet for the file name.

Don't worry too much about stopping the wrong program, because unchecking an Autoruns entry merely disables it. You can recheck the box if you run into problems.

After completing this step, reboot your computer to remove any running programs or processes associated with the program you're uninstalling. You must reboot before proceeding to the next step.

Step 2: Delete all the program's files

Open the C:\Program Files folder and look for a subfolder with the same name as the product you want to uninstall. Once you've located the program's folder, select and delete it and all its contents.

There's a trap here you need to be aware of. Sometimes, products aren't installed in the folder of the same name as the product but rather in a subfolder within a folder with the developer's name. For example, PerfectDisk isn't installed in the C:\Program Files\PerfectDisk folder, as you'd expect, but in the following location:

C:\Program Files\Raxco\PerfectDisk

"Raxco" is the name of the developer of PerfectDisk.

The folder you want to delete is the folder named after the product itself, not the folder named after the developer. If you delete the developer's folder, you may also remove other programs from the same developer that are stored in the same folder.

Step 3: Delete the app's user and data files

This step's a little tricky, because user and data files can be located in several different areas on your PC. Worse still, the locations vary in different versions of Windows.

In Windows XP, the most common locations for these files are:

• C:\Documents and Settings\user\Application Data
• C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data
• C:\Documents and Settings\user\Local Settings\Application Data

In these examples, user is your Windows user name.

In Vista and Windows 7, the common locations for program files are:

• C:\Users\user\AppData\Local
• C:\Users\user\AppData\LocalLow
• C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming
• C:\Users\All Users

Look in these areas for folders with the same name as the product you're uninstalling. Once you locate them, delete them. Once again, be aware that the folder you want may be a subfolder located within a folder with the developer's name. Delete only the product's subfolder, not the vendor's folder that contains it.

The folders I've listed are the most-common locations. To search for other, more-obscure locations, use Windows' built-in search function or your desktop-search program to locate files or folders with the same name as the product you want to uninstall. Do a separate search for files or folders with the developer's name.

For these types of searches, I use the free Everything utility I described in my Feb. 19 column. The Everything app is lightning-fast and extremely thorough in its searches.

Step 4: Remove the program's Registry entries

Technical hotshots who know how to use Windows' Registry Editor can remove an unwanted program's entries by hand. But for most users, I recommend using a third-party Registry cleaner to remove this information. These tools aren't as thorough as manually deleting the data, but they're generally safer to use.

Most people have a Registry cleaner (such as Piriform's popular CCleaner freeware) installed on their system. If you don't, I suggest you try the free program EasyCleaner, which is available from the vendor's site. EasyCleaner has an excellent record of cleaning without creating problems.

Using EasyCleaner couldn't be simpler: just install the program, run a scan, and then delete the erroneous entries it finds.

Step 5: Perform one last general cleanup

To finish the job, click Start and look for any entries on the menu that refer to the program you just deleted, whether in the opening menu or under All Programs. If you find any, right-click the entry and select Delete.

Next, look on your desktop for unwanted icons left over from the program and delete any you find.

Finally, check the Add or Remove Programs applet in Control Panel (in Vista, it's called Programs and Features) to ensure there's no entry for the deleted program. There really shouldn't be, but if there is, you can use CCleaner's Tools option to remove it. Visit the product's site to download your copy.

No manual software uninstallation is perfect

After completing these five steps, you should have removed most of the information written to your computer by the program you want to uninstall. However, it's almost certain that you'll have missed something:

• The program likely installed DLL modules that will still be in your Windows folder.
  
  
• Entries may also have been added by the program to the Windows installer folder.
  
  
• The installation may have created Registry values that weren't cleaned by your Registry cleaner.
  
  
• There may be data stored in other obscure locations on your computer.
  
  

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By Woody Leonhard The most misunderstood new feature in Windows 7 may be homegroups, which lets you share files, media, and printers across Win7 PCs quickly and easily — if you know a few tricks. I've seen a lot of bad advice online about Windows 7 homegroups, however, so let's delve into the belly of the beast to learn the facts.

What you need to run Windows 7's homegroups

I talked about homegroups in my May 14 Top Story, "Two big reasons why you'll like Windows 7." Microsoft's new OS is set to appear on store shelves later this month. Unfortunately, misinformation about this important subject is all over the Web. Here are the basics:

• To create or join a homegroup, your PC must be running Windows 7

Systems running Vista and XP can't participate in homegroups, nor can Macs or Linux computers. That isn't so dire as it sounds, however.

Regardless of whether your Windows 7 PC is a member of a homegroup, it can still communicate with other computers on your network using the old-fashioned Windows sharing methods you've come to know and hate over the years.

Say your network consists of two Windows 7 PCs and an old XP clunker with an attached shared printer. The Win7 PCs can still use the printer. And the XP machine can retrieve data on the homegrouped Windows 7 PCs via the standard XP/Vista peer-to-peer sharing methods. The main difference is that Win7 PCs in a homegroup get folders and printers served up to them on a silver platter.

It's important to note that any Windows 7 PC can join a homegroup, but the system setting up the homegroup must be running a version of Windows 7 other than Starter or Home Basic.

• To set up or join a homegroup, your PC must be attached to a "Home" network

This sounds mysterious, but creating a Home network is really pretty easy. When you set up a network connection, Windows asks whether the link should be treated as a Public, Work, or Home network. Behind the scenes, choosing a network type is just a handy way of selecting a whole bunch of security settings. In Windows 7, choosing a Home network allows your PC to join or create a homegroup.

You say you don't know whether your system's on a Home network? Not to worry. Open the Control Panel. Under the Network and Internet heading, choose View network status and tasks. Below the heading "View your active networks" you'll see a house icon — how homey can you get, eh? — to indicate that you're hooked into a Home network. (See Figure 1.)


Figure 1. The house icon indicates that you're connected to a Home network in Windows 7's Network and Sharing Center.

If you're on a Work or Public network and want to change to a Home network, click either of the links labeled Work network or Public network, choose Home network, and click Close. Not quite rocket science.

Many folks who write to me are confused about Home networks. "Home" is just a nom de guerre for a bunch of security settings. You don't have to be at home to run a Home network, and a Home network can include Macs. The term "Home" refers only to the way your PC treats the network. You wouldn't normally identify a network connection in a public place such as a coffee shop as a "Home" connection. But in most other cases, a Home network will suffice.

• To join an existing homegroup, you have to know the password

Retrieving a homegroup password is easy. Sign in to a PC attached to the homegroup and click Start, Control Panel. Under the Network and Internet heading, click Choose homegroup and sharing options and then select View or print the homegroup password.

• To use a homegroup, your PC must be running IPv6

I've heard several complaints from Win7 users who claim homegroups don't work. In many cases, the situation can be described by the old Walt Kelly Pogoism, "We have met the enemy and he is us." If you haven't messed around with the innards of your Windows 7 machine, IPv6 is running by default. But if you've been fooling with Mother Nature, you may have turned off IPv6. Your bad.

Setting up a homegroup requires a wake-up call

Every time you attach a Win7 PC to a network and tell Windows you're using a Home network, the OS sniffs around the network to see whether there are any Windows 7 PCs attached to it. If there are, Windows then checks to determine whether any of the machines belong to a homegroup.

Several people have contacted me to complain that Win7 PCs that are newly attached to a network don't discover an existing homegroup. The most common reason for the failure? All the PCs in the homegroup are hibernating. To solve the problem, make sure at least one of the systems in the homegroup wakes up. It only takes one.

If Windows 7 doesn't detect any kindred spirits on the network that are connected to a homegroup, it offers to set up a homegroup for you.

To set up a new homegroup, you must first select which "libraries" to offer to other PCs. For most people, the big question about homegroups is whether you want to share your Documents library with other PCs attached to the homegroup. By default, Windows doesn't offer to share your Documents library. (See Figure 2.)


Figure 2. Using Win7's "Create a homegroup" dialog, select the folders you want to share with other PCs in your homegroup.

The precise sharing details — which folders get shared and who has read and write access — can get a bit complicated, although it's all quite logical. I cover the details in Chapter 1 of Book 7 of Windows 7 All-In-One For Dummies (Wiley). Info on the book is available from Amazon: United States / Canada / Elsewhere

After you select which libraries you want to share, Windows provides a long password for the homegroup. (See Figure 3.) It's impossible to memorize this password, which is a pain because you have to enter it on each Windows 7 PC that you want to connect to the homegroup.


Figure 3. The homegroup password generated by Windows 7 is difficult to remember, but you can create a password of your own.

If you wish to change the password to something more reasonable, it's best to do so before any other computers are connected to the homegroup. If you attempt to change the default password later, you'll have to change the password manually on each PC on the network — blech!

To set your own password, click Finish in the password box, choose View or change homegroup settings, and select Change the password. Follow the steps listed there to enter your own password.

After the homegroup has been established, adding new Windows 7 PCs to the network is a breeze. Simply attach the Win7 computer to the network and identify the network as the "Home" variety. Windows sniffs and sees a homegroup already established, asks whether you want to share your Documents library, and prompts you to type in the homegroup's password. Ta-da!

Now it's time to put your homegroup to use

Homegroups are baked into every nook and cranny of Windows 7. For example, when you click Start, Documents, a homegroup list appears on the left. The same thing happens when you select Pictures, Computer, or Music. If you fire up Word 2007 and click File, Open, the homegroups are right there.

Navigating to a homegroup — or a folder in a shared library within a homegroup — is as easy as opening a folder or file on your computer. Media streaming from homegroup computers works in a flash. You can connect to printers on homegroup computers just as easily as setting up a printer on your own computer.

To make a folder available to everyone in your homegroup, simply add the folder to one of your shared libraries. If you share your Documents library, for example, add the folder to your personal Documents folder or to the PC's Public Documents folder to allow everyone in your homegroup to read, modify, or delete items in the folder.

Sometimes you may want to share a folder with your homegroup without adding it to a shared library. For example, you might want to share your Downloads folder with everyone in the homegroup.

To do so, navigate to the folder, click it once, choose the Share with button at the top of the screen, and select either Homegroup (Read) or Homegroup (Read/Write), depending on how much you trust the other folks in your homegroup. (See Figure 4.)


Figure 4. Sharing a folder with other PCs in your homegroup is as easy as selecting it, choosing "Share with," and clicking one of the four options.

If you want to discontinue sharing a folder with a homegroup, navigate to the folder, click the Share with button, and choose Nobody.

More than one homegroup can exist on a single network, but things quickly get complicated. A particular computer can be part of only one homegroup at a time. You can leave one homegroup and join another, but you can't be a member of two homegroups at once. (By the by, homegroups work great with Windows Home Server.)

The benefits of homegroups on Win7 far outweigh the quibbles. After the hassles we've all experienced when attempting to share files and printers on older versions of Windows, I bet you'll find homegroups a breath of fresh air.

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TOP STORY By Scott Spanbauer Get your system ready for a Windows 7 upgrade Dump the applications you no longer use Free utilities make system cleanup a breeze Prepare your PC for the big Win7 migration KNOWN ISSUES By Dennis O'Reilly Netbook news on Windows 7 is hype, Woody finds The Feds go to lengths to protect online access WACKY WEB WEEK By Stephanie Small Google's invisible city is an identity saver

	LANGALIST PLUS By Fred Langa Restore a hard drive's lost boot sector Singing the "can't boot my drive" blues Reviving an ancient DOS app in Vista Lost my Outlook Express contacts — again! Oops! Trialware/freeware confusion strikes Where did all the nasty photos come from?
	BEST SOFTWARE By Ian "Gizmo" Richards Manually remove programs that lack uninstallers Failed installations can leave your PC hanging A review of the normal installation process Step 1: Remove the program's autostart entries Step 2: Delete all the program's files Step 3: Delete the app's user and data files Step 4: Remove the program's Registry entries Step 5: Perform one last general cleanup No manual software uninstallation is perfect
	WOODY'S WINDOWS By Woody Leonhard Sharing is easy with Windows 7's homegroups What you need to run Windows 7's homegroups Setting up a homegroup requires a wake-up call Now it's time to put your homegroup to use

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